DATA REPORT | JUNE 2026
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Phase 3 Search is a global life sciences executive search firm.

We place the CEOs, CTOs, and CMC and Quality leadership teams behind biotech companies taking platforms from Series A through clinical readout, BLA, and exit. CMC and Quality leadership is our specialty. Executive search is our craft.

We have made 112+ CMC and Quality leadership placements since 2018, working with biotech founders, boards, and the venture firms backing them.

We are powered by 3 core beliefs:

01
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE
The Prime Directive of biotech, pharma, and all those that support the space is to get medicines to the patients that need them in time to make a difference. This is the timeline that matters.
02
DATA
We believe in data. Evidence beats opinion when deciding about people, capital, and platforms.
03
LEADING THE RIGHT WAY
We believe in leading the right way. The right CTO at the right stage. The right CMC head before the first inspection. Leadership is what turns science into approved medicine.

The report follows.

DATA REPORT | JUNE 2026

The Biotech Investor Tier List

What happens when you analyze 25,402 biotech VC deals across 1,952 investors from 2019 to 2026? You get a clear picture of which firms come back for round two — and which write one check and stop. We sorted every investor with a meaningful biotech portfolio on a single metric: their follow-on rate, the percentage of their portfolio companies in which they participate in two or more rounds. Tier 1 sits at 50% or higher. Tier 2 covers 30 to 49%. Tier 3 sits below 30%. Grant agencies excluded. Minimum portfolio: five companies.

87%

of the 372 biotech investors meeting our minimum portfolio threshold follow on in fewer than half of their portfolio companies. Only 48 — about one in seven — re-invest in 50% or more of what they back.

Dataset: venture biotech transactions, 2019–2026. n = 25,402 deal records, 1,952 unique investors, 1,844 unique companies. Compiled and calculated by Phase 3 Search.
25,402
Deals Analyzed
1,952
Investors in Dataset
372
Firms Meeting Threshold
2019–26
Time Window
THE FRAMEWORK

Three tiers by follow-on behavior.

Of the 372 investors meeting the minimum threshold, here is how the universe breaks down.

TIER 1
48
Long-term participants
50% OR HIGHER FOLLOW-ON
Firms whose participation pattern shows multi-round engagement across half or more of their portfolio. Median follow-on rate in this tier: 58.5%.
TIER 2
111
Selective re-uppers
30–49% FOLLOW-ON RATE
Firms with mixed follow-on behavior. Re-engagement occurs in roughly one in three to one in two portfolio companies. Median: 40%.
TIER 3
213
Single-round participants
UNDER 30% FOLLOW-ON
Firms whose participation is largely a single round. Includes crossover funds, hedge funds, pharma corporate BDs, and public-market vehicles. Median: 17%.

METHODOLOGY & CAVEATS

Follow-on rate = percentage of an investor's portfolio companies in which they participated in two or more rounds at distinct dates. Grant-only agencies (NIH and sub-institutes, NSF, US Department of Defense, BARDA, ARPA-H, others) excluded — grant funding cycles are not comparable to venture follow-on behavior. Minimum portfolio for inclusion: five companies in this dataset. Smaller portfolios produce less statistically robust rates — a 71% rate from a 7-company portfolio is one outcome away from 57%, while a 56% rate from 85 companies is far more stable. Sample-size confidence is tagged on each row: Robust (n≥25), Standard (n=15-24), Adequate (n=10-14), Limited (n=5-9). Of the 372 firms, 105 sit at Robust or Standard, 77 at Adequate, and 190 at Limited — about half the universe is in the noisier band, which reflects the long tail of specialist and emerging-manager funds. Tier boundaries: Tier 1 at 50% or higher, Tier 2 from 30 to 49%, Tier 3 below 30%. The 30% Tier 3 boundary is set to eliminate a methodological grey zone between 25 and 30% — firms re-upping in fewer than three of every ten portfolio companies are effectively single-round participants. The dataset covers venture biotech transactions from 2019 to 2026, compiled by Phase 3 Search.

THE PATTERNS

What the data shows when you visualize it.

Three visualizations covering the full 372-firm universe.

Investor types within each tier

Distribution of firm types across the three tiers (shown universe).

Top 12 Tier 1 firms by follow-on rate

Highest follow-on rates among long-term participants.

Portfolio breadth vs follow-on conviction

Every shown investor plotted. Portfolio breadth on the X axis, follow-on rate on the Y. Bubble size = total deal volume. Color = tier.

Follow-on rate vs exit rate

Conviction and outcome are different metrics. Follow-on rate (X axis) measures multi-round participation. Exit rate (Y axis) measures the share of portfolio companies acquired or taken public. Each tier occupies a different region — and the two metrics do not correlate as strongly as a simple "good investor / bad investor" frame would suggest.

Tier 3 firms (red) cluster low-left on follow-on but spread vertically on exit rate — including several at 75%+ exits. They enter at the exit stage by design. Tier 1 firms (green) cluster mid-to-high on follow-on with mid-range exit rates — they hold across the lifecycle, including through failures. Tier 2 firms (amber) sit in between on both axes.

THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE

Long-term participants vs single-round capital.

The numbers behind the two ends of the tier list.

BehaviorTier 1 · Long-termTier 3 · Single-round
Firms in tier48213
Median follow-on rate58.5%17%
Firms with 0% follow-on (n≥10)08
Average rounds per portfolio company (median firm)1.711.16
Pooled exit rate (acquired + public, all portfolio companies)36%38%
Typical structures representedVenture vehicles, corporate VCs with long mandatesCrossover funds, hedge funds, pharma corporate BDs, public-market vehicles, late-stage PE

On exit rate. Tier 3's higher pooled exit rate is not a sign of better investing — it is a structural artifact. Crossover funds, hedge funds, and public-market vehicles enter at or near the exit stage by design. They are selecting companies that are already tracking to liquidity. Tier 1 firms hold across the lifecycle, including through failures. Follow-on rate measures conviction over time. Exit rate measures outcome at the company level. They are different metrics measuring different things.

THE CONVERGENCE

Follow-on rate has essentially zero predictive power for exit rate.

Pooled exit rates across the three tiers sit at 36%, 37%, and 38% — a spread of two percentage points across 372 firms. Conviction and outcome are decoupled. A firm with high follow-on does not produce more exits per portfolio company than one with low follow-on; they produce exits through different paths and at different stages. The structural difference is what you take their check for — not whether you take it.

STAGE-BY-STAGE

Investor activity by funding stage.

Firms ranked by participation count at each stage in the dataset. Different firms concentrate activity at different stages.

ABOUT PHASE 3 SEARCH

We build the leadership teams behind biotech platforms.

Phase 3 Search is a global life sciences executive search firm. We are not investors. We do not advise on capital. Our craft is search — building the leadership teams that take biotech companies from Series A through clinical readout, BLA, and exit. This report is part of the capital intelligence work we publish for the founders, boards, and investors we serve.

RELATED PHASE 3 ASSET

The CTO Mandate Framework.

A 31-page board governance framework for evaluating technical leadership alignment in biopharma. Maps how CTO emphasis profiles shift across five stages of development. Covers CRL valuation data, board governance gaps, KPIs, and a board-ready calibration tool.

Built with an advisory panel of 15 CTOs and two managing-partner-level life sciences consultants. The panel's organizations have launched 120+ commercial products.

Download the framework →
BEYOND THE PUBLISHED VIEW

This report is the surface. the Intelligence Platform goes deeper.

The tier list above is the standardized view of the dataset — all biotech aggregated, all modalities pooled, all stages combined. Most strategic decisions require something more specific. Through Intelligence Platform, our proprietary capital intelligence application, Phase 3 produces custom reports that slice the same dataset against the variables that actually matter for your company.

MODALITY
Cell therapy. Gene therapy. ADC. mRNA. Antibody. Bispecific. Oligonucleotide. Small molecule. Peptide. Radiopharmaceutical. Microbiome.
TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
AI drug discovery. CRISPR. Base editing. RNA editing. Targeted protein degradation. ML-driven discovery. Single-cell genomics. Computational chemistry.
THERAPEUTIC AREA
Oncology. Immunology. Neurology. Rare disease. Metabolic. Infectious disease. Cardiovascular. Ophthalmology.
STAGE PROFILE
Pre-IND. Phase 1. Phase 2. Phase 3. Pre-filing. Commercial. Multi-program platforms.
If you are running a Series B for a CAR-T platform and want to know which Tier 1 firms have followed on in cell therapy specifically — that is an Intelligence Platform report. If you are building an ADC company and want to map the investor universe by stage activity and exit pattern in your modality — that is an Intelligence Platform report. If your board is asking which investors have backed AI drug discovery platforms through to Series C — that is an Intelligence Platform report.

Intelligence Platform reports are produced for biotech founders, boards, and the venture firms backing them — as part of our executive search engagements or as standalone capital intelligence work. Email get in touch to request a custom report scoped to your company.

NOTABLE PATTERNS

Five observations from the dataset.

Purely observational — what the numbers show, without interpretation of what a CEO should do with them.

01

87% of investors with five or more portfolio companies follow on in fewer than half.

Across the 372 firms meeting the minimum threshold, 324 have follow-on rates below 50%. Only 48 are at 50% or higher. The median across the full universe is 25%.

02

Eight firms with 10+ portfolio companies show 0% follow-on in the dataset.

Merck, Frazier Life Sciences, Franklin Templeton, Mirae Asset Capital, Regeneron Ventures, Ridgeback Capital, AbbVie, and Blue Owl Capital. All sit in Tier 3. All are structurally crossover, PE, pharma BD, or public-market vehicles.

03

Six pharma corporate VCs show Tier 1 follow-on behavior — distinct from their parent pharma BD groups.

SR One (54%), Illumina Ventures (53%), GV/Google Ventures (50%), Roche Venture Fund (50%), Taiho Ventures (50%), and Pfizer Ventures (47% — at the Tier 2 boundary) re-invest at rates similar to financial VCs. Direct pharma BD activity from Merck, AbbVie, Sanofi, Novartis, and Bristol Myers Squibb shows under 22% follow-on across all five.

04

Portfolio breadth and follow-on rate are inversely correlated at scale.

RA Capital (128 portfolio companies, 34% follow-on), Cormorant (71, 30%), and Orbimed (96, 50%) demonstrate the pattern. Funds with the broadest deal footprints find it mathematically harder to sustain high follow-on rates — the law of large numbers caps the percentage.

05

Different firms concentrate activity at different stages.

SOSV concentrates 72% of activity at Seed. ARCH participates in 122 Series A rounds and Orbimed in 132 — the highest Series A participation counts in the dataset. RA Capital participates in 114 Series B rounds. Deerfield concentrates 30% of its portfolio at Series C. T. Rowe Price concentrates at Series D and E. Stage breakdown is in the section above.

THE FULL TIER LIST

372 investors. Search, filter, sort, expand.

Now that you have the framework, the structural analysis, and the patterns — drill into the data. The full universe — every firm with five or more biotech portfolio companies in this dataset. Type any firm name. Filter by tier, investor type, or sample-size confidence. Click any row for the underlying data.

Tier
Type
Sample
Showing 372 of 372
Firm Type Sample n Follow-on rate FO %
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

About the data and the methodology.

What is the source dataset?+
A compiled record of 25,402 biotech venture deals between 2019 and 2026, covering 1,952 unique investors and 1,844 unique biotech companies. Compiled and analyzed by Phase 3 Search as part of our executive search practice. Maintained and refreshed through our Intelligence Platform.
Why is the Tier 3 boundary at 30% and not 25%?+
The original analysis used a 25% cutoff for Tier 3 and a 30% cutoff for Tier 2, leaving a 25-29% "in-between" band that did not belong cleanly to either tier. Firms re-upping in 25 to 29% of their portfolio are functionally single-round participants — they re-engage in fewer than three of every ten investments. Setting the Tier 3 boundary at 30% absorbs that band into the appropriate tier and produces a continuous classification with no methodological gap. The 50% boundary for Tier 1 is unchanged.
Why a five-company minimum?+
Follow-on rate is a percentage — with very small portfolios, it becomes statistically noisy. We set the inclusion threshold at five companies to balance two concerns: (a) keeping the list informative by including specialist and emerging-manager funds, and (b) filtering out the highest-noise entries. Smaller portfolios produce less stable rates. A 71% rate from a 7-company portfolio is one different outcome away from 57%, while ARCH's 56% across 85 companies is structurally more stable. Sample-size confidence is tagged on each row so readers can weigh accordingly.
Why are NIH and grant agencies excluded?+
Grant funding behavior is structurally different from venture follow-on behavior. NIH and its sub-institutes repeatedly re-fund the same companies through SBIR/STTR cycles — that pattern would distort the tier list if treated as comparable to a Series A VC re-investing at the B. We exclude NIH and sub-institutes, NSF, the US Department of Defense, BARDA, ARPA-H, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and similar grant-only sources.
Why does Tier 3 have a higher pooled exit rate than Tier 1?+
Because Tier 3 firms are selecting at the exit stage. Crossover funds, hedge funds, and public-market vehicles enter at or near liquidity events by design — they are picking from companies already tracking to acquisition or IPO. Tier 1 firms hold across the lifecycle, including through failures and prolonged development. Follow-on rate measures conviction over time. Exit rate measures outcome at the company level. They are different metrics measuring different things. Neither is "better." They reflect different roles in the capital stack.
Can this report be sliced by modality, therapeutic area, or technology platform?+
Not in this published view. The tier list aggregates all biotech investors and modalities together. For company-specific analysis — for example, which Tier 1 firms have followed on in cell therapy specifically, or which investors have backed AI drug discovery platforms through Series C — Phase 3 produces custom reports through our Intelligence Platform. The Intelligence Platform slices the same dataset against modality, therapeutic area, technology platform, and stage profile. Email to request a custom report scoped to your company.
Does this report connect investor tier to CMC or quality outcomes?+
No. This dataset measures venture behavior — not regulatory or operational outcomes. The Phase 3 CTO Mandate Framework integrates FDA Complete Response Letter data (where 74% of CRLs cite manufacturing or quality deficiencies) with the leadership and governance question. Connecting investor tier to CMC outcome at the company level is a separate analysis we produce on request through the Intelligence Platform.
Why are firms with very high follow-on rates flagged "limited sample"?+
Kleiner Perkins shows a 100% follow-on rate in this dataset because all six of their biotech portfolio companies are recorded with multi-round participation. That is mathematically true and worth noting — but it is based on six data points, not sixty. We tag every row with sample-size confidence: Robust (n≥25), Standard (n=15-24), Adequate (n=10-14), Limited (n=5-9). The follow-on rate is the same number regardless of sample size; the confidence indicator helps readers calibrate.
Why is my favorite firm not on the shown list?+
The published view shows all 372 firms meeting the minimum portfolio threshold of five biotech investments in this dataset. If a firm you would expect to see is not present, they likely fall below that threshold. We can run any specific firm on request through our Intelligence Platform.
What does Phase 3 Search do?+
Phase 3 is a global life sciences executive search firm with a specialty in CMC and Quality leadership. We place the CEOs, CTOs, CMC and Quality leaders, and the broader operating teams that take biotech companies from Series A through clinical readout, BLA, and exit. We are not investors. We do not advise on capital. We build leadership teams. This report is part of the capital intelligence work we publish for the operator and board community we serve.
ABOUT THE DATA OR ABOUT YOUR SEARCH

If a firm in this report relates to your cap table, or if you have a leadership search coming up, we welcome the conversation.

We can run any firm not in the shown universe, pull deeper analysis on a specific syndicate, or talk about an upcoming CMC, CTO, CEO, or VP-level search. Send us a note.

No spam. One email when we publish the next report.